During this current ice age, glaciers have retreated and the melting ice watered many landmasses across the world. This increased rainfall resulting in prolific plant growth and areas that had once been desert became areas of rich fertile land. With the creation of rich fertile land, people discovered wild grain would grow in this soil, leading to the beginning of farming and for the first time a surplus of food. With the development of skills to grow crops, it would lead to the discovery of skills required to domesticate wild animals, particularly sheep, goats, cows and pigs.

The transition from hunter/gatherer to farmer would not only create a surplus of food  but also leisure time allowing huge change such as: people could now thrive due to the availability of food, creating an increase in the population. For many the nomadic lifestyle stopped and was replaced with settlements; people could now do things other than produce food, trading of goods developed establishing complex societies that required to be managed, development of writing systems, calendars.

Hunting of wild animals and gathering of wild plants will have continued making the surplus of food even greater.  All of this allowed the population to grow particularly as other sources of milk to feed young babies and children were now available